肩难产是难以完全预测的高危产科急症，发生率0.2%～3.0%。可引起严重母儿并发症，以新生儿臂丛神经损伤最为常见（4%～40%），产科从业人员应该注意肩难产发生的危险因素并在任何一次分娩时均需要警惕其发生。一旦发生需要立刻采取正确的处理。了解其高危因素并制定针对性预防措施，熟练掌握正确的处理技术以有效降低严重并发症的发生率。

Abstract: Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetrical event of high risk.The incidence of shoulder dystocia is 0.2%～3.0%. It has high perinatal mortality and morbidity.Fetal brachial plexus injury （BPI） is the most common fetal complication occurring in 4%～40% of cases.Obstetricians should be aware of the existing risk factors，always being alert to the possibility of shoulder dystocia in all labors.Optimal management of shoulder dystocia requires appropriate management at the time it occurs.This article reviews the current evidence regarding the possible prediction，prevention and management of shoulder dystocia.