目的 探讨卵巢癌高风险人群行预防性降低风险的输卵管卵巢切除术（RRSO）与因妇科其他疾病行机会性输卵管卵巢切除术（OS）的临床结局和获益人群。方法 回顾性分析2020年3月至2023年9月就诊于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院妇产科105例行预防性切除术（双附件）患者基本临床信息，包括治疗前糖类抗原（CA）125与影像学检查情况、术后病理与免疫组化等信息。结果 25例卵巢癌高风险人群完成同源重组修复缺陷（HRD）相关基因检测，其中20例携带同源重组修复（HRR）通路致病突变，最终24例患者行SEE-FIM方案取材，4例患者确诊为卵巢癌。因妇科其他疾病行OS的80例卵巢癌高风险人群中无确诊者。结论 推荐携带BRCA1/2致病突变人群尽早进行遗传咨询，选择恰当时机行RRSO可有效降低卵巢癌发病，手术时机的选择将影响最终获益人群。

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes and beneficiary populations of prophylactic risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) for patients at high risk of ovarian cancer with those of opportunistic salpingo-oophorectomy (OS) due to other gynecological diseases. Methods This retrospective study involved 105 patients who underwent prophylactic resection (bilateral appendixes) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, from March 2020 to September 2023. Baseline clinical information, including preoperative CA125 levels and imaging findings, postoperative pathology, and immunohistochemical results were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 25 patients who completed homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-related genetic testing, 20 carried pathogenic mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway genes. Twenty-four patients underwent SEE-FIM (Sectioning and Extensively Examining the FIMbriated end) protocol sampling, and 4 were diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). In contrast, none of the 80 patients who underwent OS due to other gynecologic conditions were diagnosed with malignancy. Conclusions Genetic counseling and timely RRSO are recommended for individuals carrying pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations, as RRSO can effectively reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer. The timing of surgery will affect the final beneficiary populations