子宫内膜异位症（EM）是育龄期女性常见的慢性疾病，以具有活性的子宫内膜组织侵袭子宫腔以外组织器官为特征，常导致痛经、月经异常、不孕、性交痛及生活质量下降。传统腹腔镜手术虽为治疗金标准，但其多孔操作可能伴随切口并发症增加和美容问题。随着微创技术的不断发展，单孔腹腔镜手术（LESS）通过单一入路完成手术，兼具微创与美容优势，近年来在EM治疗中备受关注。文章综述了单孔腹腔镜手术在子宫内膜异位症诊治中的应用现状、技术优势及存在的挑战，旨在为临床实践提供参考。

Endometriosis （EM） is a common chronic disease among women of childbearing age. It is characterized by the invasion of active endometrial tissue into tissues and organs outside the uterine cavity，often leading to dysmenorrhea，abnormal menstruation，infertility，dyspareunia，and a decrease in the quality of life. Although traditional laparoscopic surgery is the gold standard for treatment，its multi-port operation may be accompanied by an increase in incision complications and cosmetic problems. With the continuous development of minimally invasive technology，laparoendoscopic single-site surgery （LESS） can be completed through a single access route，showing the advantages of both minimal invasiveness and cosmesis. In recent years，LESS has received much attention in the treatment of EM. This article reviews the current application status，technical advantages，and existing challenges of LESS in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis，aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice.