子宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变（high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion，HSIL）多为高危型HPV持续感染所致，属于子宫颈癌前病变。子宫颈锥切术为目前治疗子宫颈HSIL的主要手段，需根据规范制定切除范围。术后标本切缘阳性者不等同于病灶残留，应全面评估以制定后续个体化策略；年轻女性、妊娠期子宫颈HSIL排除浸润性病变后，治疗趋于保守。子宫颈HSIL治疗后复发/进展的发生率5倍于正常人群，故治疗后应长期随访。

Cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions belong to preinvasive lesions，most of which are caused by high-risk HPV persistent infection.Cervical conization is the mainstream treatment nowadays.The region to be excised must be set strictly according to the guideline.Individual strategy should be adopted to manage those with postoperative positive margin.Management of young woman and pregnancy with HSIL should be conservative when invasive lesion is excluded.Long-term follow-up is recommended as the risk of invasive cervical cancer among these women is about five times greater than that among the general population of women.