中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 756-761.DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2025090610

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与过敏性鼻炎的关系研究

  

  1. 1.京协和医学院/中国医学科学院，北京  100730；2.首都儿科研究所  a 耳鼻喉头颈外科，b 呼吸内科，c 儿童健康大数据研究中心，北京  100020
  • 出版日期:2025-09-06 发布日期:2025-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 谷庆隆，电子信箱：gql71@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项资助项目（首发2022-1-2101）；北京市自然科学基金资助项目（7232010）

Study on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and allergic rhinitis in children

  1. *Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Beijing  100730，China
  • Online:2025-09-06 Published:2025-10-20

摘要： 目的　探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（obstructive sleep apnea，OSA）与过敏性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）之间的关系，并分析相关因素。方法　回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年5月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院睡眠医学中心行多导睡眠监测（PSG）的1236例患儿的PSG数据、睡眠问卷信息及临床资料，纳入呼吸暂停-低通气指数（apnea-hypopnea index，AHI）≥1且问卷完整者，排除有哮喘史、神经和肌肉疾病史、颅面异常及腺样体扁桃体切除术既往史的患儿，最终纳入0~17岁OSA患儿1137例。按病情分为轻、中、重度组；根据问卷信息及临床资料分为AR组与无AR组，对比两组基本特征及PSG数据，采用Logistic回归分析OSA加重的危险因素，以R软件（版本4.2.3）进行统计。结果　1137例OSA患儿中，男686例，女451例，其中476例伴AR（41.9%）。AR组平均年龄（5.46±2.56）岁、体质指数（BMI）16.80±3.55，无AR组平均年龄（5.77±2.87）岁、BMI为17.20±4.05，差异均无统计学意义；AR组最低血氧饱和度0.89±0.05，高于无AR组的0.88±0.06（P<0.05）；AR组微觉醒指数为（0.85±1.01）次 /h，低于无AR组的（1.01±1.29）次 /h（P<0.05）。AR组与无AR组在不同严重程度OSA患儿中的比例差异无统计学意义，中重度OSA的发生与是否有AR无明显关联。结论　儿童OSA患者中AR发生率较高，伴AR患儿最低血氧饱和度和微觉醒指数的PSG参数表现较无AR者更好。

关键词: 儿童, 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停, 过敏性鼻炎, 多导睡眠监测

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea（OSA） and allergic rhinitis（AR） in children，and to analyze the associated factors. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on the polysomnography（PSG） data，sleep questionnaire responses，and clinical records of 1，236 pediatric patients who underwent PSG at the Sleep Medicine Centre of the Children's Hospital affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2020 to May 2023. Patients included in the study had an apnea-hypopnea index（AHI）≥1 and complete questionnaires. Exclusion criteria comprised a history of asthma，neurological and muscular diseases，craniofacial anomalies，and previous adenoid tonsillectomy. Ultimately，1，137 patients with OSA aged 0-17 years were included. These patients were categorized into mild，moderate，and severe OSA groups based on their condition，and were further divided into AR and no-AR groups according to questionnaire and clinical information. The basic characteristics and PSG data of the two groups were compared，and Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for OSA aggravation，R software（version 4.2.3） employed for statistical analysis. Results　Of the 1，137 OSA patients，686 were male and 451 were female，with 476（41.9%） diagnosed with AR. The mean age of the AR group was 5.46 years，and their BMI was 16.80，which were 5.77 years and17.20 in the no-AR group；these differences were not statistically significant. The AR group had a mean minimum oxygen saturation of 0.89，which was higher than the 0.88 observed in the no-AR group（P<0.05）. Additionally，the microarousal index averaged 0.85 events/h in the AR group，lower than the 1.01 events/h in the no-AR group（P<0.05）. No significant differences were found in the distribution of AR and no-AR groups across different OSA severity levels，and there was no significant correlation between moderate to severe OSA and the presence of AR. Conclusion　The prevalence of AR is notably high among pediatric OSA patients. Furthermore，PSG parameters，specifically minimum oxygen saturation and microarousal index，are more favorable in patients with AR compared to those without AR.

Key words: child, obstructive sleep apnea, allergic rhinitis, polysomnography