关键词: 早产儿, 维生素A, 视黄醇, 常规补充

Abstract: Objective　To investigate vitamin A basic nutritional status， influencing factors and the efficacy of routine vitamin A supplement in premature infants. Methods　Premature infants within 24 h of age were selected randomly to examine plasma retinol concentration. Full term infants worked as control. Premature infants received Vitamin A parenteral （1650 U/d） and/or enteral （750 U/d）， and some of them were followed up about every 2 weeks. Plasma retinol level was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Results　One hundred and forty-seven premature infants and 40 full term infants were enrolled. Basic serum retinol levels in premature infant were lower than that in full term infants， （0.161±0.051）μg/mL and （0.187±0.055）μg/mL， t = 2.812， P = 0.005. Retinol level had positive relation with birth weight， β = 0.177， P = 0.015. The incidence of VAD （retinol level < 0.200 μg/mL） at birth was higher in premature infants， 78% vs 65%， χ2 = 2.623， P = 0.105. Thirty-one premature infants were followed up about 2 weeks later with enteral and/or parenteral nutrition. Significant increase of plasma retinol level and reduction of VAD incidence were noted， （0.168±0.046） μg/mL vs. （0.203±0.063）μg/mL， t = 2.611， P = 0.014； 100% vs. 48%， χ2 = 18.954， P < 0.001. No relation was showed between basic retinol levels， amount and method of vitamin A supplement with the follow-up levels. Basic retinol levels had no influence on clinical outcomes， such as infection， chronic lung disease and retinopathy of prematurity. Conclusion　Premature infants have a poor vitamin A nutritional status and high incidence of VAD. Current routine vitamin A supplement has benefits to the improvement of its nutritional status in a short period.

Key words: routine supplement , vitamin A, retinol