中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志

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2~4岁儿童语言发育的抽样调查

章依文1，金星明1，沈晓明1，张锦明2   

  1. 1.上海第二医科大学附属新华医院、上海儿童医学中心儿童保健科，上海 200127；2.上海浦东新区妇幼保健所儿保科，上海 200126
  • 收稿日期:2005-10-20 修回日期:2005-12-10 出版日期:2005-03-06 发布日期:2005-03-06

The research on language development in 2 to 4yearold children.

Zhang Yiwen*,Jin Xingming,Shen Xiaoming,et al.   

  1. *Department of Pediatric Development and behavior,Shanghai Second Medical University,Xin Hua Hospital,Shanghai Children’s Medical Center,Shanghai 200127,China.
  • Received:2005-10-20 Revised:2005-12-10 Online:2005-03-06 Published:2005-03-06

摘要： 目的了解2~4岁儿童正常的语言发育规律。 方法上海第二医科大学附属新华医院、上海儿童医学中心于2001年3~6月，以713名24~47个月的儿童为研究对象，以问卷的形式，由父母报告小儿能自发表达的助词等和语法表达结构量。 结果(1)男女儿童语法结构表达量的差异存在于24~35个月,女孩的表达量多于男孩。(2)名词动词和动词名词结构是最早掌握的短语结构，随后掌握的为“的”、“在”、“介词名词”、“否定词动词”、“名词动词名词”。30个月时有90%左右的小儿掌握这7个结构。 结论掌握2~4岁儿童正常的语言发育规律，有利于专业人员对儿童的语言发育进行指导和评估，使幼教机构的语言教学以及特殊教育的语言康复做到科学、有序。

关键词: 儿童, 语言, 词汇, 语法

Abstract: AbstractObjectiveTo identify the language development in 2 to 4yearold children. MethodsThe study population consisted of a crosssectional convenience sample of 713 children,aged 24~47 months old.Parents were asked to complete detailed questionnaires about their children's emerging language skills in the areas of using particles and phrases. Results(1) There was a significant gender difference in grammatical development between 24 to 35 months;girls could express more kinds of particles and phrases than boys.(2) Actoraction and actionobject were the earliest phrases children mastered.At 30 months,98% of children could use these two phrases,and 90% could use the particles de and zai and the phrases involving locationobject,negativeaction,and actoractionobject. ConclusionIt is very helpful for professionals to consult and evaluate the language development of children,and it is also good for children's language education and language rehabilitation.

Key words: Vocabulary, Grammar , Language