中国实用儿科杂志

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不同严重程度鼻炎患者尘螨舌下特异性免疫治疗临床效果观察

  

  1. 首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院 a耳鼻喉科, b变态反应科, 北京 100020
  • 出版日期:2020-02-06 发布日期:2020-04-07

Clinical study on the effect of sublingual immunotherapy for patients with allergic rhinitis of different severity

  1. *Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
  • Online:2020-02-06 Published:2020-04-07

摘要: 目的 评估不同严重程度变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患儿进行规范化舌下特异性免疫治疗(sublingual immunotherapy, SLIT)的疗效。方法 选取2017年5—12月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院耳鼻喉科就诊的3~14岁对粉尘螨过敏的AR患儿181例, 按治疗方式不同分为对照组(n=92, 给予常规药物治疗)和SLIT组(n=89, 给予尘螨特异性免疫治疗); 采用AR评分标准, 根据患儿鼻部症状总评分(total nasal symptoms score, TNSS), 将对照组分为轻度组(n=35)、中度组(n=28)和重度组(n=29);将SLIT分为轻度组(n=27)、中度组(n=33)和重度组(n=29)。收集第6个月、 1年、 2年的随访数据, 分别对患儿进行TNSS、 鼻炎用药评分(total rhinitis medication scores, TRMS)和视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分。结果 (1)治疗2年后, SLIT组与对照组患儿TNSS评分分别为0.61±0.73、 1.61±1.17, TRMS分别为0.21±0.41、 0.59±0.70, VAS分别为0.63±0.70、 1.53±1.24, 两组间差异有统计学意义, Z值分别为6.269、 4.139、5.174, P值均<0.05; (2)轻度组(n=62)组内分析: SLIT组(n=27)与对照组(n=35)比较, 治疗6个月、 1年, 两组的TNSS、 TRMS、 VAS差异均无统计学意义(Z值分别为-0.108、 0.232、 0.788, 0.774、 0.033、 -0.718; P值均>0.05); 治疗2年时两组的TRMS、 VAS差异无统计学意义(Z值分别为0.230、 1.255, P>0.05), TNSS在两组间差异有统计学意义(Z值为2.528, P值均<0.05); (3)中度组(n=61)组内分析: 与对照组(n=28)比较, SLIT组(n=33)治疗6个月, TRMS、 VAS在两组间差异均无统计学意义(Z值分别为-0.413、 0.412, P值均>0.05), 但两组的TNSS差异有统计学意义(Z值为2.397, P<0.05); 治疗1年、2年的TNSS、 TRMS、 VAS两组间比较, 差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为4.952、 2.740、 3.293; 4.743、 2.505、 3.330; P值均<0.05); (4)重度组(n=58)组内分析: 与对照组(n=29)比较, SLIT组(n=29)治疗6个月、 1年、 2年的TNSS、 TRMS、 VAS在两组间差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为2.567、 2.086、 2.781, 4.996、 4.264、 2.756, 4.253、 4.480、 4.515, P值均<0.05)。结论 采用标准化粉尘螨滴剂舌下治疗尘螨致敏AR患儿, 治疗2年可获得较单纯药物治疗更佳的疗效, 尤其在病情严重患儿,其获益更大。

关键词: 儿童, 鼻炎, 变应性, 特异性免疫治疗, 舌下

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT) in children with allergic rhinitis of different severity. Methods Children with allergic rhinitis(AR) aged 3-14 years admitted between May 2017 and December 2017 to the Department of Otolaryngology,Affiliated Children’s Hospital,Capital Institute of Pediatrics,were divided into control group(n=92,being given conventional drug therapy) and SLIT group(n=89,being given dust mite immunotherapy) according to different treatment methods. According to the total nasal symptoms score(TNSS),the control group was divided into mild subgroup(n=35),moderate subgroup(n=28),and severe subgroup(n=29);SLIT was divided into mild subgroup(n=27),moderate subgroup(n=33) and severe subgroup(n=29). The children were followed up for 6 months,1 year and 2 years and the data of TNSS,total rhinitis medication scores(TRMS) and visual analogue scale(VAS) at each time point were collected. Results (1)After 2 years of treatment,TNSS in the SLIT group and the control group was (0.61±0.73) and (1.61±1.17),TRMS was (0.21±0.41) and (0.59±0.70),and VAS was (0.63±0.70) and (1.53±1.24),respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups(Z values were 6.269,4.139 and 5.174,P<0.05). (2)Analysis in mild-subgroup(n=62) showed that,comparing SLIT group(n=27) with control group(n=35),there was no significant difference in TNSS,TRMS or VAS in 6 months and 1 year after treatment(Z values were -0.108,0.232 and 0.788;0.774,0.033 and -0.718;P>0.05);TRMS and VAS had no statistical difference after 2 years of treatment(Z values were 0.230,1.255,P>0.05),but there were significant differences in TNSS(Z values was 2.528,P<0.05). (3)Intra-group analysis in moderate subgroup(n=61) showed that,comparing SLIT group(n=33) with control group(n=28),there was no significant difference in TRMS or VAS after 6 months of treatment(Z value was -0.413,0.412,P>0.05),but TNSS had statistical difference(Z value was 2.397,P<0.05). There were significant differences in TNSS,TRMS and VAS between the two groups after 1 year and 2 years of treatment(Z values were 4.952,2.740 and 3.293;4.743,2.505 and 3.330;P<0.05). (4)Analysis in severe subgroup(n=58) showed that comparing SLIT group(n=29) with control group(n=29),there were significant differences in TNSS,TRMS and VAS after 6 months,1 year and 2 years of treatment(Z values were 2.567,2.086 and 2.781;4.996,4.264 and 2.756;4.253,4.480 and 4.515;P<0.05). Conclusion SLIT with standardized dust mite drops for 2 years in AR children can achieve better curative effect than symptomatic treatment alone,and children with severe symptoms of rhinitis will benefit more.

Key words: child, rhinitis, allergic, specific immunotherapy, sublingual